馃幆 浠€涔堟槸澶氭€侊紵涓轰粈涔堥渶瑕佸畠锛?/h3>

鍜变滑鍏堟潵鎯宠薄涓満鏅細浣犲紑鍙戜簡涓姩鐗╁洯绠＄悊绯荤粺锛岄噷闈㈡湁Animal鐖剁被鍜孌og銆丆at瀛愮被銆傚鏋滄兂璁╂墍鏈夊姩鐗╃粺涓€鎵ц"鍙敜"鍔ㄤ綔锛岄毦閬撹缁欐瘡涓姩鐗╃被鍨嬪啓if-else鍒ゆ柇锛熲€?strong>鈥嬭繖鏃跺€欏鎬佸氨鍍忓彉褰㈤噾鍒氾紝璁╃埗绫绘寚閽堣兘璋冪敤瀛愮被涓撳睘鎶€鑳解€?/strong>鈥嬶紒

涓句釜鏍楀瓙馃尠锛?/p>

cpp澶嶅埗
class Animal {
public:
    virtual void speak() { cout << "鍔ㄧ墿鍙? << endl; }  // 馃攽鍏抽敭鍦ㄨ繖琛寁irtual
};

class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void speak() override { cout << "姹豹姹紒" << endl; }
};

褰撶敤Animal* animal = new Dog();鍒涘缓瀵硅薄鏃讹紝璋冪敤animal->speak()灏变細瑙﹀彂鐙楃嫍鐨勫彨澹般€傝繖榄旀硶鎬庝箞瀹炵幇鐨勶紵鍜变滑鎺ョ潃寰€涓嬬湅銆?/p>

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馃洜锔?铏氬嚱鏁拌〃锛氳棌鍦ㄤ唬鐮侀噷鐨勭瀵嗘鍣?/h3>

浣犵寽鎬庝箞鐫€锛熸瘡涓甫铏氬嚱鏁扮殑绫婚兘浼氱敓鎴愨€?strong>鈥嬭櫄鍑芥暟琛紙vtable锛夆€?/strong>鈥嬶紝灏卞儚娓告垙閲岀殑鎶€鑳借疆鐩樸€傛潵鐪嬬粍瀵规瘮鏁版嵁锛?/p>

瀵硅薄绫诲瀷	鍐呭瓨鍗犵敤	璁块棶閫熷害	閫傜敤鍦烘櫙
鏅€氬嚱鏁?/td>	0棰濆寮€閿€	鈿￠棯鐢靛揩	绠€鍗曠被
铏氬嚱鏁?/td>	澶?瀛楄妭鎸囬拡	馃悽绋嶆參	闇€瑕佹墿灞曠殑绫?/td>

瀹為檯鍦ㄥ唴瀛橀噷锛孌og瀵硅薄浼氬甫鐫€涓や釜闅愯棌瑁呭锛?/p>

1. 铏氬嚱鏁拌〃鎸囬拡锛堟寚鍚慏og涓撳睘鐨剉table锛?/li>
2. 鑷繁鐨勬垚鍛樺彉閲?/li>

褰撹皟鐢?code>speak()鏃讹紝CPU浼氬儚鏌ュ瓧鍏镐竴鏍凤細

cpp澶嶅埗
// 浼唬鐮佹紨绀烘煡鎵捐繃绋?/span>
*(animal->vptr[0])();  // 0浠ｈ〃speak鍦ㄨ櫄琛ㄤ腑鐨勪綅缃?/span>

杩欎篃鏄负浠€涔堣鈥?strong>鈥嬪鎬佷細娑堣€楅澶栧唴瀛橈紝浣嗘崲鏉ョ殑鏄秴寮虹殑鎵╁睍鎬р€?/strong>鈥嬨€?/p>

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馃殌 涓夋瀹炵幇鍔ㄦ€佺粦瀹?/h3>

鎵嬫妸鎵嬫暀瀛︽椂鍒伙紒瑕佽鐖剁被鎸囬拡璋冪敤瀛愮被鍑芥暟锛岃浣忚繖涓粍閲戜笁閮ㄦ洸锛?/p>

1. 鈥?strong>鈥嬬粰鐖剁被鏂规硶绌胯櫄鎷熷琛ｂ€?/strong>鈥?/li>

cpp澶嶅埗
virtual void attack() = 0;  // 绾櫄鍑芥暟鐗堟湰
// 鎴栬€?/span>
virtual void attack() { /* 榛樿瀹炵幇 */ };  // 鏅€氳櫄鍑芥暟

1. 鈥?strong>鈥嬪瓙绫绘埓濂給verride澶寸洈鈥?/strong>鈥嬶紙C++11璧峰繀澶囧畨鍏ㄦ帾鏂斤級

cpp澶嶅埗
class Hero : public Character {
    void attack() override { 
        cout << "閲婃斁鍓戞皵锛? << endl; 
    }
};

1. 鈥?strong>鈥嬬敤鐖剁被鎸囬拡鎸囨尌鎴樺満鈥?/strong>鈥?/li>

cpp澶嶅埗
Character* player = new Hero();
player->attack();  // 瀹為檯璋冪敤Hero::attack()

馃挕瀹炴祴灏忔妧宸э細鍦╒S璋冭瘯妯″紡涓嬶紝鎵撳紑鍐呭瓨绐楀彛杈撳叆this鎸囬拡鍦板潃锛岃兘鐪嬪埌铏氳〃鎸囬拡鐨勫崄鍏繘鍒跺€硷紝鍙屽嚮杩樿兘璺宠浆鍒板嚱鏁板湴鍧€锛?/p>

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馃 浠€涔堟椂鍊欒鐢ㄥ鎬侊紵

鍘诲勾鍋氭父鎴忛」鐩椂锛屾垜鍙戠幇涓寰嬶細鈥?strong>鈥嬭秴杩?涓猧f-else鍒ゆ柇绫诲瀷鐨勫湴鏂癸紝灏辫鑰冭檻澶氭€佷簡鈥?/strong>鈥嬨€傛瘮濡傚鐞嗕笉鍚屾鍣ㄤ激瀹宠绠楋細

cpp澶嶅埗
// 绗ㄥ姙娉?/span>
if(type == SWORD) calcSwordDmg();
else if(type == BOW) calcBowDmg();

// 浼橀泤鏂规
weapon->calculateDamage();  

浣嗘敞鎰忥紒鍒湪绠€鍗曞満鏅噷婊ョ敤澶氭€併€傛瘮濡傚彧鏈変袱绉嶅浐瀹氱被鍨嬶紝鐢ㄥ鎬佸弽鑰屽儚鐢ㄧ伀绠瓛鎵撹殜瀛愨€斺€斿緱涓嶅伩澶便€?/p>

馃搳 鎬ц兘鐪熺浉澶ф彮绉?/h3>

寰堝鏂版墜鎷呭績铏氬嚱鏁板奖鍝嶉€熷害锛屽挶浠敤鏁版嵁璇磋瘽锛?/p>

鍦╥7-12700H澶勭悊鍣ㄤ笂娴嬭瘯10浜挎璋冪敤锛?/p>

• 鐩存帴璋冪敤鑰楁椂锛?.8绉?/li>
• 铏氬嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄨ€楁椂锛?.3绉?/li>
• 鍔ㄦ€佽浆鎹㈠悗璋冪敤锛?.1绉?/li>

鐪嬪嚭闂ㄩ亾浜嗗惂锛熲€?strong>鈥嬭櫄鍑芥暟鏈韩鎹熻€楀緢灏忥紝浣哾ynamic_cast杩欑被鎿嶄綔鎵嶆槸鎬ц兘鏉€鎵嬧€?/strong>鈥嬨€傛墍浠ュ紑鍙戜腑瑕侀伒寰袱涓師鍒欙細

1. 灏介噺鐢ㄥ紩鐢ㄤ唬鏇挎寚閽堜紶閫掑璞?/li>
2. 閬垮厤鍦ㄧ儹鐐逛唬鐮侀珮棰戜娇鐢╠ynamic_cast

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鏈€杩戝府瀛﹀紵璋冧唬鐮佹椂鍙戠幇涓吀鍨嬮敊璇細浠栧湪鐖剁被鏋愭瀯鍑芥暟娌″姞virtual锛屽鑷村瓙绫诲璞￠攢姣佹椂鍐呭瓨娉勬紡銆傝繖灏卞儚鐩栨埧瀛愭病瑁呮帓姘寸鈥斺€斿钩鏃剁湅涓嶅嚭闂锛屼笅闆ㄥ氨瀹岃泲銆傛墍浠ユ渶鍚庨€佸ぇ瀹朵竴鍙ュ彛璇€锛氣€?strong>鈥嬫湁缁ф壙蹇呰櫄鏋愭瀯锛屽鎬佸畨鍏ㄧ涓€姝モ€?/strong>鈥嬶紒

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