浣犳槸涓嶆槸缁忓父閬囧埌杩欑鎯呭喌锛熸湇鍔″櫒绐佺劧鍗℃锛岀綉绔欐墦涓嶅紑锛屼絾瀹屽叏涓嶇煡閬撳摢閲屽嚭浜嗛棶棰樷€︹€﹀叾瀹炲晩锛岃繖浜涚瓟妗堥兘钘忓湪鈥?strong>鈥婰inux绯荤粺鐨勬棩蹇楁枃浠垛€?/strong>鈥嬮噷锛佸彲鏂版墜灏忕櫧闈㈠榛戜箮涔庣殑缁堢绐楀彛锛岃繛鏃ュ織鏂囦欢鍦ㄥ摢閮芥壘涓嶅埌锛屾洿鍒鍒嗘瀽闂浜嗐€傚埆鎱岋紒浠婂ぉ鍜变滑灏辩敤鏈€鐩寸櫧鐨勫ぇ鐧借瘽锛屾墜鎶婃墜鏁欎綘鐢ㄢ€?strong>鈥媍at銆乼ail銆乬rep鈥?/strong>鈥嬭繖涓変釜绁炲櫒鐜╄浆鏃ュ織鎺掓煡锛?/p>

涓€銆佹棩蹇楁枃浠跺埌搴曡棌鍦ㄥ摢閲岋紵

鍏堣В鍐虫渶鍩虹鐨勯棶棰樷€斺€斺€?strong>鈥嬫棩蹇楁枃浠剁殑浣嶇疆鈥?/strong>鈥嬨€傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎绯荤粺鏃ュ織閮借棌鍦?code>/var/log杩欎釜绁炵鐩綍閲屻€傛瘮濡?code>/var/log/syslog璁板綍绯荤粺澶т簨灏忔儏锛?code>/var/log/auth.log涓撻棬绠＄櫥褰曢獙璇佺殑浜嬶紝杩樻湁/var/log/nginx杩欑涓撻棬缁欑綉绔欐湇鍔″櫒鐢ㄧ殑鏃ュ織澶广€?/p>

涓嶈繃瑕佹敞鎰忥紒鏈変簺鏃ュ織闇€瑕佺鐞嗗憳鏉冮檺鎵嶈兘鐪嬨€傝繖鏃跺€欏湪鍛戒护鍓嶅姞涓?code>sudo灏辫兘鎼炲畾锛屾瘮濡傦細

bash澶嶅埗
sudo less /var/log/secure

浜屻€佷笁澶х鍣ㄧ殑鍩虹鐢ㄦ硶

1. 鈥?strong>鈥媍at鍛戒护锛氱畝鍗曠矖鏆寸湅鍏ㄦ枃鈥?/strong>鈥?/h4>

鏂版墜鏈€甯哥敤鐨勫氨鏄?code>cat锛屽畠鑳芥妸鏁翠釜鏂囦欢鍐呭鈥?strong>鈥嬩竴鑲¤剳鍏ㄥ€掑嚭鏉モ€?/strong>鈥嬨€傛瘮濡傛兂鐪嬫槰澶╃殑绯荤粺鏃ュ織锛?/p>

bash澶嶅埗
cat /var/log/syslog

浣嗚繖閲屾湁涓潙锛佲€?strong>鈥嬪崈涓囧埆鐢╟at鐪嬪ぇ鏂囦欢鈥?/strong>鈥嬶紝鐗瑰埆鏄嚑涓狦鐨勬棩蹇楋紝杩欎細璁╀綘鐨勭粓绔崱鍒版€€鐤戜汉鐢熴€傝繖鏃跺€欏氨璇?code>less鎴?code>more鍑哄満浜嗭紝杩欎袱涓懡浠よ兘鈥?strong>鈥嬪垎椤垫煡鐪嬧€?/strong>鈥嬶紝鎸夌┖鏍肩炕椤碉紝鎸塹閫€鍑恒€?/p>

2. 鈥?strong>鈥媡ail鍛戒护锛氱揣鐩渶鏂板姩鎬佲€?/strong>鈥?/h4>

杩愮淮鑰佸徃鏈烘渶鐖辩殑鍏跺疄鏄?code>tail锛屽畠鑳界洿鎺ヨ烦鍒版枃浠舵湯灏剧湅鏈€鏂板唴瀹广€傞粯璁ゆ樉绀烘渶鍚?0琛岋細

bash澶嶅埗
tail /var/log/nginx/access.log

鍔犱笂-n 50灏辫兘鐪嬫渶鍚?0鏉¤褰曪細

bash澶嶅埗
tail -n 50 /var/log/mysql/error.log

浣嗘渶鐗涚殑鏄€?strong>鈥嬪疄鏃剁洃鎺р€?/strong>鈥嬪姛鑳斤紒鐢?code>-f鍙傛暟鍚庯紝缁堢浼氬儚鐩存挱寮瑰箷涓€鏍峰疄鏃舵粴鍔ㄦ渶鏂版棩蹇楋紝鏌ユ晠闅滄椂鐗瑰埆绠＄敤锛?/p>

bash澶嶅埗
tail -f /var/log/syslog

3. 鈥?strong>鈥媑rep鍛戒护锛氱簿鍑嗘悳绱㈠叧閿瓧鈥?/strong>鈥?/h4>

闈㈠鍑犲崈琛岀殑鏃ュ織锛屾墜鍔ㄦ煡鎵剧畝鐩磋鍛姐€傝繖鏃跺€?code>grep灏辨槸浣犵殑鎼滅储寮曟搸锛佹瘮濡傛壘鍖呭惈"error"鐨勮锛?/p>

bash澶嶅埗
grep "error" /var/log/dmesg

杩涢樁鐜╂硶杩樿兘鈥?strong>鈥嬪拷鐣ュぇ灏忓啓鈥?/strong>鈥嬶紝鎴栬€呪€?strong>鈥嬫帓闄ょ壒瀹氬唴瀹光€?/strong>鈥嬶細

bash澶嶅埗
grep -i "warning" /var/log/kern.log  # 涓嶇澶у皬鍐欑殑璀﹀憡
grep -v "debug" /var/log/app.log    # 鎺掗櫎璋冭瘯淇℃伅

---

涓夈€佺粍鍚堟妧瀹炴垬妗堜緥

鍦烘櫙1锛氱綉绔欑獊鐒?02閿欒鎬庝箞鍔烇紵

杩欐椂鍊欒鈥?strong>鈥嬪悓鏃剁敤tail鍜実rep鈥?/strong>鈥嬫潵鎶撶幇琛岀姱锛佹瘮濡傚疄鏃剁洃鎺ginx鏃ュ織閲岀殑502鐘舵€佺爜锛?/p>

bash澶嶅埗
tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep " 502 "

绠￠亾绗?code>|灏卞儚娴佹按绾匡紝鎶婂墠涓€涓懡浠ょ殑缁撴灉浼犵粰鍚庨潰鐨勫鐞嗐€傝繖閲屼細瀹炴椂鏄剧ず鎵€鏈?02閿欒鐨勮闂褰曘€?/p>

鍦烘櫙2锛氭煡涓夊ぉ鍓嶇殑鐧诲綍澶辫触璁板綍

鐢?code>grep閰嶅悎鏃ユ湡绛涢€夛細

bash澶嶅埗
grep "Failed password" /var/log/auth.log | grep "May 13"

濡傛灉鎯崇湅鈥?strong>鈥嬪墠鍚?琛屼笂涓嬫枃鈥?/strong>鈥嬶紝閬垮厤婕忔帀鍏抽敭淇℃伅锛?/p>

bash澶嶅埗
grep -A 5 -B 5 "panic" /var/log/app.log

鍦烘櫙3锛氱粺璁￠敊璇嚭鐜扮殑娆℃暟

鍔犱笂wc -l灏辫兘鏁版暟鏈夊灏戞潯閿欒锛?/p>

bash澶嶅埗
grep "Out of memory" /var/log/syslog | wc -l

鍥涖€佹柊鎵嬪父韪╃殑鍧?/h3>

鈥?strong>鈥嬮棶棰?锛氣€?/strong>鈥?鐢ㄧ潃鐢ㄧ潃缁堢鍗℃浜嗭紵
馃憠 鍏垚鏄痗at浜嗗ぇ鏂囦欢锛佽刀绱?code>Ctrl+C涓柇锛屾崲鎴?code>less鎴?code>tail

鈥?strong>鈥嬮棶棰?锛氣€?/strong>鈥?grep姝绘椿鎼滀笉鍒板唴瀹癸紵
馃憠 妫€鏌ヤ笁鐐癸細鈶犳枃浠跺悕鍐欏浜嗗悧 鈶″ぇ灏忓啓鏄惁鍖归厤 鈶㈡槸涓嶆槸瑕佸姞sudo鏉冮檺

鈥?strong>鈥嬮棶棰?锛氣€?/strong>鈥?tail -f鍒峰睆澶揩鐪嬩笉娓咃紵
馃憠 鐢?code>grep杩囨护鍚庡啀鐩戞帶锛屾瘮濡傦細

bash澶嶅埗
tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep "POST /login"

---

浜斻€佸皬缂栫鎴挎妧宸?/h3>

1. 鈥?strong>鈥嬫棩蹇楀お澶氭€庝箞鍔烇紵鈥?/strong>鈥?鐢?code>>绗﹀彿鎶婄粨鏋滀繚瀛樺埌鏂囦欢锛?/li>

bash澶嶅埗
grep "Timeout" /var/log/app.log > timeout_logs.txt

1. 鈥?strong>鈥嬫兂鍚屾椂鐩戞帶澶氫釜鏃ュ織锛熲€?/strong>鈥?tail鏀寔涓€娆℃€х洴姊㈠涓枃浠讹細

bash澶嶅埗
tail -f /var/log/nginx/*.log

1. 鈥?strong>鈥嬫煡鐪嬫寚瀹氭椂闂存鐨勬棩蹇椻€?/strong>鈥嬪彲浠ラ厤鍚坰ed鍛戒护锛屾瘮濡傛姄鍙栦笂鍗?鐐瑰埌10鐐圭殑璁板綍锛?/li>

bash澶嶅埗
sed -n '/May 16 09:00:00/,/May 16 10:00:00/p' /var/log/syslog

璇村埌搴曪紝鏃ュ織鎺掓煡灏辨槸涓啛缁冨伐銆傚垰寮€濮嬪彲鑳戒細瑙夊緱鍛戒护鍙傛暟璁颁笉浣忥紝浣嗗鐢ㄥ嚑娆″氨浼氬彂鐜扳€斺€斺€?strong>鈥嬭繖浜涘懡浠ょ粍鍚堣捣鏉ワ紝绠€鐩存瘮鐟炲＋鍐涘垁杩樺ソ浣匡紒鈥?/strong>鈥?涓嬫鍐嶉亣鍒版湇鍔″櫒鎶介锛屽彲鍒啀鍙細閲嶅惎澶ф硶浜嗭紝鐓х潃杩欑瘒鏀荤暐瀹炴搷涓ら亶锛屼繚鍑嗕綘鑳戒粠鏃ュ織閲屾寲鍑虹湡鍑讹紒

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